Each circle centers on a government land office and indicates the relative amount of land sold at that office.Ĭounted the story of her parents’ marriage: “Ant Lucky read sumpin from de Bible, an’ den she put de broomstick down an’ dey locked dey arms together an’ jumped over it. By the 1850s, most sales of government land were in the upper Mississippi River Valley (particularly Iowa and Wisconsin). During the 1830s, the offices sold huge amounts of land in the corn and wheat belt of the Old Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan) and the cotton belt of the Old Southwest (especially Alabama and Mississippi). The federal government set up land offices to sell farmsteads to settlers. For a quick review later, flip through the chapter, look at the illustrations, and read the captions. S T U D Y T I P Consider the illustrations as you read to help see the story unfold. The painting that suggests tribal differences? What suggests that the two dancers in the center - perhaps a bride and groom - come from different African peoples? By 1860, nearly one-third of the nation’s citizens lived in the Midwest (the five states carved out of the Northwest Territory - Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin - along with Missouri, Iowa, and Minnesota), where they created a complex society and economy that increasingly resembled the Northeast. This transportation system set in motion both a market revolution and a great migration of people. Beginning in the late 1810s, they constructed a massive system of canals and roads that linked the states along the Atlantic coast with one another and with the new states in the transAppalachian west. Do you see any evidence inĪs American factories and farms turned out more goods, businessmen and legislators created faster and cheaper ways to get those products to consumers. Suggest that these people are recent arrivals from Africa? What artifacts in the picture might be African in origin? What have you learned from the text about the conditions on rice plantations that would contribute to a steady stream of African-born workers on those plantations? with one another on large plantations.
Tion in the low country of South Carolina.What clues can you see in the image that confirm the location? ➤ Does the evidence in the picture Jumping the Broomstick:Viewing an African CeremonyĪ N A LY Z I N G T H E E V I D E N C E ➤ The painting is set on a rice planta.
They can’t vote nor complain and we can.” To exert more pressure on their capitalist employers, in 1834, local unions from Boston to Philadelphia formed the National Trades’ Union, the first regional union of different trades. But one Lowell worker pointed out, “We are not a quarter as bad off as the slaves of the south. We are hired men, and hired men, like hired horses, have no souls.” Indeed, we are “slaves in the strictest sense of the word,” declared various groups of Lynn shoemakers and Lowell textile workers. As another group of workers put it, “The capitalist has no other interest in us, than to get as much labor out of us as possible. “The division of society into the producing and non-producing classes,” the journeymen explained, had made workers like themselves into a mere “commodity” whose labor could be bought and sold without regard for their welfare. In 1830, journeymen shoemakers founded a mutual benefit society in Lynn, Massachusetts, and similar organizations soon appeared in other shoemaking centers. Despite the legal obstacles, unions sprang up. PAR T THREE Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife, 1820 – 1877įor their own wages and working conditions.
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